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copy_backward
Copies a range starting with the last element
Key Facts
Gyroscopic Couple: The rate of change of angular momentum (= Moment of Inertia.
= Angular velocity
= Angular velocity of precession.
Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer and Catholic philosopher.
Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) was a pioneering Swiss mathematician and physicist.
Definition
The copy_backward() algorithm is defined in the standard header <algorithm> and in the nonstandard backward-compatibility header <algo.h>.Interface
#include <algorithm> template < class BidirectionalIterator1, class BidirectionalIterator2 > BidirectionalIterator2 copy_backward( BidirectionalIterator1 first, BidirectionalIterator1 last, BidirectionalIterator2 result );Parameters:
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| first | A bidirectional iterator addressing the position of the first element in the source range |
| last | A bidirectional iterator addressing the position that is one past the final element in the source range |
| result | A bidirectional iterator addressing the position of the one past the final element in the destination range |
Description
Copy_backwards is the same as copy but the copy is made from the end of the source sequence to its beginning.Return Value
Returns an iterator on the element following the last copied element,result - (last - first).References
Example:
Example - copy_backward algorithm
Problem
The following example demonstrates the difference between copy() and copy_backward().
Workings
#include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; int main() { // initialize source collection with ".......... abcdef.........." vector<char> source(10,'.'); for (int c='a'; c<='f'; C++) source.push_back(c); source.insert(source.end(),10,'.'); PRINT_ELEMENTS(source,"source: "); //copy all letters three elements in front of the 'a' vector<char> c1(source.begin(),source.end()); copy (c1.begin()+10, c1.begin()+16, //source range c1.begin()+7); //destination range PRINT_ELEMENTS(c1,"c1: "); //copy all letters three elements behind the 'f' vector<char> c2(source.begin(),source.end()); copy_backward (c2.begin()+10, c2.begin()+16, //source range c2.begin()+19); //destination range PRINT_ELEMENTS(c2,"c2: "); return 0; }
Solution
Output:
source: . . . . . . . . . . a b c d e f . . . . . . . . . .
c1: . . . . . . . a b c d e f d e f . . . . . . . . . .
c2: . . . . . . . . . . a b c a b c d e f . . . . . . .
c1: . . . . . . . a b c d e f d e f . . . . . . . . . .
c2: . . . . . . . . . . a b c a b c d e f . . . . . . .
References
- Nicolai M. Josuttis: "The C++ Standard Library"