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# random_shuffle

Brings the elements into a random order
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### Key Facts

Gyroscopic Couple: The rate of change of angular momentum () = (In the limit).
• = Moment of Inertia.
• = Angular velocity
• = Angular velocity of precession.

Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer and Catholic philosopher.

Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) was a pioneering Swiss mathematician and physicist.

## Definition

The random_shuffle() algorithm is defined in the standard header <algorithm> and in the nonstandard backward-compatibility header <algo.h>.

## Interface

#include <algorithm>
template < class RandomAccessIterator >
void random_shuffle(
RandomAccessIterator first,
RandomAccessIterator last
);
template < class RandomAccessIterator, class RandomNumberGenerator >
void random_shuffle(
RandomAccessIterator first,
RandomAccessIterator last,
RandomNumberGenerator& rand
);

Parameters:
Parameter Description
first A random-access iterator addressing the position of the first element in the range to be rearranged
last A random-access iterator addressing the position one past the final element in the range to be rearranged
rand A special function object called a random number generator

## Description

Random_shuffle function reorders the elements of a range by putting them at random places.

The first version uses an internal random number generator, and the second uses a Random Number Generator, a special kind of function object, that is explicitly passed as an argument.

None.

## Complexity

The complexity is linear; performs as many calls to swap as the length of the range [first,last) - 1.

### References

Example:
##### Example - random_shuffle algorithm
Problem
This program illustrates the use of the STL random_shuffle() algorithm (default version) to randomize the order of values in a vector of integers.
Workings
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
int a[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10};
vector<int> v(a, a+10);

cout <<"\nHere are the values in the vector:\n";
for (vector<int>::size_type i=0; i<v.size(); i++)
cout <<v.at(i)<<" ";

cout << "\nNow we randomize the order of the values.";
random_shuffle(v.begin(), v.end());

cout <<"\nHere are the revised contents of the vector:\n";
for (vector<int>::size_type i=0; i<v.size(); i++)
cout <<v.at(i)<<" ";

return 0;
}
Solution
Output:

Here are the values in the vector:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Now we randomize the order of the values.

Here are the revised contents of the vector:
9 2 10 3 1 6 8 4 5 7
References